Bio-piracy

Bio-piracy:

Countries such as America, Japan, United Kingdom (UK), France and Germany are industrialized nations. These nations are superior in technology along with financial resources. The clandestine exploitation and use of bio resources from a country through various organizations and multinational companies (MNC) without appropriate authorization is termed as Biopiracy. Even though the developing nations are not so financially good, though they are rich in traditional knowledge and biodiversity.

For a very long time, the tribal people in the isolated areas like jungles and as well the people of rural areas have been using specific significant herbal plants for treating specific diseases. Because, the habitations of the tribal people are surrounded by a range of plants and animals, they have obtained a sound knowledge of their uses specifically of their medicinal values. This information can be exploited to build up commercially significant drugs from the plants. Traditional knowledge has greater usefulness value like it saves time, effort and expenditure for their commercialization. Multinational companies (MNC) of the rich countries are collecting and exploiting the bio resources with no any authorization in the following ways:

1. Plants such as Catharanthus roseus (Vinca rosea) are exported to countries as medicinal plants because they possess anticancerous properties. The companies of the rich countries are interested in the biomolecules exist in the plant. These compounds generated through living organisms are patented and employed for commercial activities.  The outcomes of this, the farmers who grow the crop are being deprived of their fair claims and compensations.

2. The genetic resources of the developing countries are over exploited through the rich countries. In U.S.A (United State of America) the Government had granted a patent to cover the whole ‘basmati’ rice plant that is why other countries/ institutions cannot undertake any another research programs pertaining to Basmati plant. In U.S.A (United State of America), such types of patents are provided for 17 long years.

3. Pentadiplandra brazzeana, a native plant of West Africa, generates a protein that is known as brazzein. It is various 100 times as sweet like a sugar. Local people make use of it as a low-calorie sweetener. This development could comprise severe implications for sugar exporting countries.

Richer countries are over exploiting the commercial possessions of the developing countries without sufficient compensation. Along With advances in scientific equipments, instruments and methods, the biodiversity of the poor and developing nations of the tropics are overused and exploited through the rich countries. There is a growing up awareness of this over exploitation and therefore the developing nations are enacting legislative laws to avoid this over exploitation through the rich countries.

 

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