Introduction to Phylum Platyhelminihes:
Phylum Platyhelminthes symbolizes all flatworms in kingdom Animalia. Flatworms are comparatively primitive animals which signify the early lineage in kingdom. Unlike even more ancient phylum cnidaria, all flatworms of phylum Platyhelminthes are bilaterally symmetrical, having posterior, anterior, dorsal, and ventral end and 2 apparently equal lateral surfaces.
General Characteristic Features of the Phylum Platyhelminthes:
i) They do not have circulatory, respiratory or skeletal system
ii) Their body are dorsiventrally flattened; called as flatworms
iii) Nervous system are ladder-like, with simple sense organs
iv) They lack body cavity therefore known as Acoelomate
v) They have entire reproductive organs
vi) They are bilaterally symmetrical
vii) Digestive system is absent in some; and if present has only mouth but no anus
viii) Triploblastic animals - composed of 3 body layers
ix) They have proto-nephridial type of excretory system.
Classification of Platyheminthes:
Phylum platyhelminthes is categorized into 3 main classes. These are:
i) Turbellaria: mainly free-living and aquatic, having soft bodies and leaf like in form. Their body is covered with cilias, few are terrestrial and limited to humid areas and with only 1 opening to gut. For e.g. planaria, etc.
ii) Trematoda: They are parasitic; lacking cilia; cuticle covering leaf like body with one or more suckers. For e.g. faciola hepatica (also called as liver fluke) schistosoma, also called as blood fluke, etc.
iii) Cestoda: They are endoparasites (internal parasites), comprising no gut (digestive) system. There are parasites in digestive tracts of different vertebrates. They are Ribbon - like in form composed of several segments (proglottids) with the anterior scolex carrying suckers and hooks to hest tissues. When mature, every prolothic has complete set of reproductive organs of both sexes. For e.g. Tapeworms such as Taenia solium, Taenia saginata etc.
Fasciola Hepatica (Sheep Liver-Fluke):
Fasciola hepatica is the example of trematode parasite. It needs 2 hurts to complete its life-cycle - a vertebrate as primary hurt, and invertebrate animal as secondary hurt.
Hepatice:
External Morphology:
i) Body is soft and Pinkish - brown in colour
ii) Lengthened and dorso - ventrally flattened (leaf-like)
iii) Appear to be oral in shape, estimating 1.8 - 3 cm in length and 0.4 - 1.5 cm in width.
iv) Broad and rounded at anterior end of body; and bluntly pointed at posterior end.
v) Anterior sucker acts as the auctorial organ for adhesion and ingestion.
vi) It has muscular bowel - such as ventral or posterior sucker which is for adhesion simply
vii) Body has the minute gonopore or genital aperture mid-ventrally that is little in fruit of posterior sucker.
viii) Anus is absent.
Habitat:
Adult Fasciola hepatica lives in liver and bile pardges of primary host that is sheep but it may happen in some other venlebrales like man, goat, rabbit, dog ox deer, elephant etc. The primary hurt may harbor up to 200 adults of liver fluke in its liver that unbequently may stop to function (vidyartlic etal, 2005) causing liver not disease. Immature life-stages of fluke happen in the mollusc, Limnea truncatula, that is secondary or intermediate hurt, or in detailed species of planorbis. Liver-fluke is world-wide in distribution in sheep and cattle raising areas infection of the fluke is also formed in man.
Structural Adaptation:
i) Body-wall of liver fluke is made up of only cuticle (and musculature) that covers body as thick and tough layer, proving protection to fluke against chemicals of hurt. Digestive System: it blood, sucks bite, lymph etc. as food in alimentary canal because of suctorial pharynx. Interlinary caecal distribute them to different parts of body.
ii) Excretory System: It includes prolonephridial kind of excretory system that is made of large number of excretory cells known as flame cell. Excretory substances gathered in human of flame cell are pushed in excretory capillaries and tubules because of vibration of cilia of flame cells.
iii) Respiratory System: It respires by general body surface.
iv) Reproduction System: It is the hermaphrodite. Male and female reproductive organs are present in same individual.
Parasitic Adaptation:
i) As they live well protected, with hunger well fulfilled without any requirement for change of position, there is no requirement of locomotory organ
ii) They attach themselves to gut wall or bile ducts by suckers and hooks or suckers alone. In intertive of host, they can absorb digested food through the soft skin
iii) Sense organs are not present in without any inconvenience as they live in perpetual darkness
iv) Secretes certain antizymes that counteract or neutralizes digestive juices of host to prevent being digested
v) Intestinal parasites stimulate intestinal will of host to produce huge amount of mucus that covers thick cuticle of parasite with protective envelope.
vi) Ostmotic pressure of parasite's body fluids is almost same as that of host, if not, resulting exchange of water would establish serious disturbances
vii) They are hermaphrodite, making sure that eggs and sperms reproduced in one and same individual Paedogenesis or multiplication by larval form by asexual means - this enhances probability of survival.
Tutorsglobe: A way to secure high grade in your curriculum (Online Tutoring)
Expand your confidence, grow study skills and improve your grades.
Since 2009, Tutorsglobe has proactively helped millions of students to get better grades in school, college or university and score well in competitive tests with live, one-on-one online tutoring.
Using an advanced developed tutoring system providing little or no wait time, the students are connected on-demand with a tutor at www.tutorsglobe.com. Students work one-on-one, in real-time with a tutor, communicating and studying using a virtual whiteboard technology. Scientific and mathematical notation, symbols, geometric figures, graphing and freehand drawing can be rendered quickly and easily in the advanced whiteboard.
Free to know our price and packages for online biology tutoring. Chat with us or submit request at [email protected]
Cell Growth tutorial all along with the key concepts of Cellular Differentiation, Cell Turnover, Renewing Cells, Cell Number, Cell Populations, Cell Size Regulation in Mammals, Types of Cell Division, Cellular Growth Disorders
tutorsglobe.com hydrogen bonding assignment help-homework help by online intermolecular forces tutors
Maintenance generally contains regularly scheduled inspection, greasing, oiling and probably minor repairs.
tutorsglobe.com multiple shootlet production assignment help-homework help by online micropropagation tutors
tutorsglobe.com cost-of-living adjustments assignment help-homework help by online intermediate microeconomics tutors
Kingdom Archaebacteria and Kingdom Eubacteria tutorial all along with the key concepts of Diagnostic Features of Archaebacteria, Classification of Archaebacteria, Archaebacteria Groups, Introduction to Kingdom Eubacteria, Categorization of Kingdom Eubacteria and Features of Kingdom Eubacteria
www.tutorsglobe.com offers Code Inspections homework help, assignment help, case study, writing homework help, online tutoring assistance by computer science tutors.
Evolution of life tutorial all along with the key concepts of Origin of life, Probable phases in the origin of life, First phase-primitive earth, Second phase-evolution of small organic molecules, Third phase-macromolecules, Fourth stage-the protocell, Fifth stage-true cell
Co-ordination and Control in Plants tutorial all along with the key concepts of Plant Hormones, Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Abscisic Acid, Ethene Gas and Floregens
troubleshooting and recitation of the fault in an am receiver - usually two types of faults are occurred in radio receiver. they are - live fault, dead fault.
Phylum Platyhelmintes-Nematodes and Rotifera tutorial all along with the key concepts of Categorization of Phylum Platyhelminthes, Pseudocoelomata, Phylum Nematoda, Pseudocoelomata, Categorization of Phylum Platyhelminthes
The key purpose of IAS 10 is to clarify while financial statements should be adjusted for events that occur after the reporting period (or accounting period).
tutorsglobe.com indifference set and curve assignment help-homework help by online choices and preferences of consumer tutors
Theory and lecture notes of ultinomial, Poisson and HyperGeometric all along with the key concepts of Multinomial Probabilities, Poisson Probabilities and Hypergeometric Probabilities. Tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on Multinomial, Poisson and HyperGeometric.
Productivity of Ecosystems tutorial all along with the key concepts of Concept of productivity, Primary productivity, Energy Flow, Efficiency of energy transfer and Pyramid of Energy
1938137
Questions Asked
3689
Tutors
1475582
Questions Answered
Start Excelling in your courses, Ask an Expert and get answers for your homework and assignments!!