Introduction:
Oligosaccharides symbolize second class of carbohydrates that comprises of few (2 to 10) monosaccharide units or residues attached by characteristics linkages known as glycosidic bonds. Oligosaccharides can be diasaccharides when they have only two units of monosaccharides, trisaccharides when they have three units of simple sugars, tetrasaccharides when they have four units of simple sugars, pentasaccharides, hexassacharides or heptasaccharides. The most significant Oligosaccharides are diasaccharides that have two units of simple sugars.
Chemistry of oligosaccharides:
All common Oligosaccharides contain names ending with suffix - ose. In cells, many Oligosaccharides containing three or more units don't occur as free entities but are attached to non-sugar molecules (lipids or protein) in glycocojugates. Oligosaccharides are mainly involved in two different kinds of linkages O -glycosidic linkage and N-Glycosidic linkage.
O-glycosidic linkage is more common in joining monosaccharides unit together while N-glycosidic linkage generally links Oligosaccharides with other glycoconjugates such as protein and nucleic acid. O-glycosidic bonds joining monosaccharide units in Oligosaccharides can either be α or β configuration. These configurations rely on position of-OH group of anomeric carbon atom involved in linkage. When- OH group from anomeric carbon atom involved in glycosidic linkage is below plane, then it is known as alpha-O-glycosidic linkage and when it is above plane it is known as beta - Oglycosidic linkage. While writing name of Oligosaccharides, it is significant to specify two carbon atoms joined by glycosidic linkage in parentheses, with arrow connecting two numbers for e.g. (1 4) shows that C - 1 of first named sugar residue is joined to C - 4 of the second.
Kinds of oligosaccharides:
Various kinds of diasaccharides do exist and differences in the diasaccharides are based on kind of monosaccharides units contained in them. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates classified by simple sugars they have. This kind of saccharide polymer is situated in amino acid side chains often found within vegetables ranging from onions to artichokes and jicama. They are classified by their sweet taste and exclusive mouth feel. These carbohydrates are the source of controversy in nutritional community as they cause both good and bad reactions within human digestive system.
Maltose:
Maltose links two glucose units by α(1→4) glycosidic linkage, lactose (milk sugar) involves glucose and galactose bonded by a β1-4 glycosidic linkage, and sucrose (common table sugar) comprises of glucose and fructose joined by the glycosidic bond between carbon atom 1 of glucose unit and carbon atom 2 of fructose unit.
Lactose:
Lactose has D - galactose and D - glucose units. Lactose happens naturally only in milk. Anomeric carbon of glucose is available for oxidation and therefore lactose is the reducing disaccharide. It is abbreviated as Gal (b1 - 4) Glc.
Sucrose:
Table sugar is sucrose and is diasaccharides of glucose and fructose. It is created by plants but not by higher animals. On the contrary to maltose and lactose, sucrose has no free anomeric carbon atom. Anomeric units of both diasaccharides are involved in glycosidic linkage. Sucrose is thus not reducing sugar. In abbreviated nomenclature for sucrose, double headed arrows in parenthesis are utilized instead of single headed arrow, as in lactose and maltose, this is only to point to that it is 2 anomeric carbons which are involved in glycosidic bond.
Trehalose:
Trehalose, Glc (α1↔1α) Glc is diasaccharide having two glucose units joined by alpha 1 -1 glycosidic bond. Similar to sucrose, trehalose is non reducing diasaccharide (sugar). It is main constituent of circulating fluid (heamolymph) in insects where it serves in energy storage.
Properties of oligosaccharides (disaccharides):
Tutorsglobe: A way to secure high grade in your curriculum (Online Tutoring)
Expand your confidence, grow study skills and improve your grades.
Since 2009, Tutorsglobe has proactively helped millions of students to get better grades in school, college or university and score well in competitive tests with live, one-on-one online tutoring.
Using an advanced developed tutoring system providing little or no wait time, the students are connected on-demand with a tutor at www.tutorsglobe.com. Students work one-on-one, in real-time with a tutor, communicating and studying using a virtual whiteboard technology. Scientific and mathematical notation, symbols, geometric figures, graphing and freehand drawing can be rendered quickly and easily in the advanced whiteboard.
Free to know our price and packages for online biology tutoring. Chat with us or submit request at [email protected]
www.tutorsglobe.com offers charge distribution in molecules homework help, charge distribution in molecules assignment help, online tutoring assistance, organic chemistry solutions by online qualified tutor's help.
tutorsglobe.com inflorescence assignment help-homework help by online plant morphology tutors
Theory and lecture notes of Insulated Boundary Conditions all along with the key concepts of differential equations, Insulation, Execution in a linear equation by elimination, boundary conditions in time-dependent. Tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on Insulated Boundary Conditions.
tutorsglobe.com significance of natural vegetative propagation assignment help-homework help by online natural methods of vegetative propagation tutors
Aramids, Poly-Polycarbonate tutorial all along with the key concepts of Definitions of Aramids, Poly (methyl methacrylate) and Polycarbonate, Aramids, meta-linkage, amide nitrogen, cis-conformation
www.tutorsglobe.com offers component based development model homework help, assignment help, case study, writing homework help, online tutoring assistance by computer science tutors.
P-N Junction Diodes tutorial all along with the key concepts of Zero Bias, Zero Biased Junction Diode, Reverse Bias, Zener Diode, Forward Bias and Non-Rectifying Junctions
tutorsglobe.com difficulties in classification assignment help-homework help by online systematics tutors
Crystal Diffraction-I tutorial all along with the key concepts of Bragg formulation of diffraction by a crystal, Statement of Bragg's law, Von Laue formulation of diffraction by a crystal, Diffraction of crystals by electrons and neutrons
other properties of liquids tutorial all along with the key concepts of vaporization, differences between evaporation and boiling, trouton's rule, liquid crystals and liquid crystal phases
The weaknesses of univariate analysis have led researchers to build up models that combine ratios in such type of way like to generate a single index which can be interpreted more visibly.
Get quick and immediate United Nations Assignment Help service from skilled and qualified tutors to score top grades.
Algae tutorial all along with the key concepts of Categorization into Groups, Structure of Spirogyra, Adaptation of Spirogyra, Structure of Fucus, Adaptations of Fucus and Benefits of algae
Use of statistical packages tutorial all along with the key concepts of SPSS, MINITAB, How minitab work and Why minitab is needed
Respiration in Plants tutorial all along with the key concepts of Respiratory System in Plants, Types of respiration, Steps in the Aerobic respiration, Conditions influencing Respiration.
1946453
Questions Asked
3689
Tutors
1473410
Questions Answered
Start Excelling in your courses, Ask an Expert and get answers for your homework and assignments!!