Introduction:

Natural resources comprise renewable and non-renewable resources found in our environment. They comprise: water, air, soil, wildlife and forests. These all are renewable natural resources. Fossil fuels (such as natural gas and petroleum) and minerals are the non-renewable resources. Man has been employing such resources for ages and this has led to the depletion of resources as the rate at which it is employed is faster than the rate of its replenishment. The result is depletion of our environment.

To check or reduce the level of pollution, we should conserve our natural resources, by employing the resources cleverly and continuously for the good of mankind and at the same time, conserve the natural environment from which they are sourced.

Natural Resources:

Natural resources are all helpful things provided in nature to animals, man and plants. A few illustrations of natural resources comprise: water, soil, forest & wildlife, minerals, sunlight, air, petroleum and natural gas.

Natural resources can be categorized into two:

1) Non-renewable natural resources

2) Renewable natural resources

Such resources are being employed by man devoid of the result being refill now is depletion and pollution. To prevent these, there is necessitating for conservation.

Need for Conservation:

Conservation is basically the use of natural resources in a manner that it is being protected from damage. A conservationist (that is, in ecological sense) is a person which is against 'unplanned growths which breaks environmental also human laws'.

The main aim of conservation then is:

a) To make sure the preservation of a quality atmosphere which provides aesthetic, recreational and material requires to man too.

b) To make sure sustainable employ of animals, plants and materials by establishing a balance use, re-use and renewal.

The need for conservation comprises:

• To protect nature that is, forest, wildlife, fisheries and so on to enhance our lives.
• For sustainable use of the resources.
• To control the utilization of minerals and petroleum.
• To control or prevent the pollution.

Control and decrease of Human Population and Pollution Sources:

1) Control and reduction of human population:

This is an indirect process of conservation. Demand for world resources are raising because of rising human population. To conserve our natural resources, we should control our population when 'quality survival' is needed. To do this, we should be involved in the family planning. Family planning is a mode of controlling the number of children a couple can adequately caters for and, at the best time and space to encompass them.

2) Control and reduction of pollution sources:

Methods of controlling and decreasing pollution as an indirect method of conservation of resources. These comprise:

a) Control and reduction of air pollution: This can be accomplished by:

• Maintenance of industrial machines, automobiles and aircrafts and to reduce the production of carbon-dioxide, carbon mono-oxide and so on.
• Elimination of sulphur from petrol, coal and gases from industries.
• Fixing of filters to chimney and catalytic converters to the automobiles, to take away nitrogen, carbon, sulphur components which are generally discharged into the air and so on.
• Decrease the use or determine substitute to chlorofluorocarbons that depletes the ozone layer.

b) Control and reduction of noise pollution: This can be accomplished by:

• Decreasing the volume of radio, music and television.
• By utilizing the horns of car and motor cycle sparingly.
• Building and redesigning the factory machines, cars, airplanes to suppress their level of noise. This may comprise addition of silencers.

c) Control and reduction of radiation pollution: This comprises:

• Ban on test of nuclear weapons, to decrease atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic radiation pollution.

d) Control and reduction of water pollution: This will comprise the treatment of sewage prior to releasing it into lakes, rivers or land through:

• Decreasing the toxic compounds.
• Killing of harmful bacteria.
• Oil spillage must be prevented by taking safety measures at exploration sites.
• By employing organic manure on farm land rather than inorganic manure.

e) Control and reduction of land pollution: Land pollution can be decreased by:

• Avoiding bush burning and needless felling of trees.
• Keep away overgrazing by animals.
• Prevent soil erosion and practice crop rotation and manuring on the farm-land.
• Practice gathering and disposal of solid waste at suitable sites.
• Recycling of specific wastes like plastics, tins, bottles, tires and so on must be practiced. Other recyclable materials comprise: computers, television, automobiles and so on.

3) Control and reduction of pollution by Education and Legislation.

Awareness through television, radio, newspapers, schools, community leaders would make us to deliberately decrease pollution actions. Severe laws and punishments will as well assist to decrease pollution in the states and national levels.

Conservation of non-renewable Resources:

Non-renewable resources comprise natural gas, petroleum and some minerals. In order to conserve them, we should do the given:

1) Search for option or renewable sources of energy. These might comprise the use of:

• Solar energy to provide electricity.
• Wind to produce energy.
• Moon's energy to supply light.
• Water energy, either from tides or waves of the seas or from constructing dams from rivers to provide hydroelectric energy.

2) By reducing the fuel or petroleum needs and cutting down on wastages in our industries and homes. This can be accomplished by: (i) Employing enhanced and fuel efficient machines and equipment. (ii) Enhanced and better techniques of petroleum transportation, exploration and storage.

3) Better techniques of mineral and mining extraction.

4) Recycling of minerals and solid wastes like tins, glass, metal scraps, plastics and so on. This will conserve non-renewable resources such as metals, decrease trouble of waste disposal and ecological pollution.

Conservation of Renewable Resources:

Renewable resources comprise the land, water, atmosphere, forest and wildlife resources.

1) Conservation of Forest: The conservation of forests can be done in the following manner:

• Use forest guards to protect from misuse.
• Plant new trees (that is, afforestation) or else there will be no trees in future.
• Educate the people and compel laws and penalties which will prevent cruelty of the forest.

2) Conservation of wildlife: The conservation of wildlife can be done in the following manner:

• Prevention of the indiscriminate killing (or poaching) of wild-life.
• Evade the utilization of poisons (that is, insecticides and herbicides) and traps in wildlife reserves. Poisons or chemicals might get into the food chain of animals and traps might injure animals, these might lead to their early death.
• Avoid deforestation which demolishes the habitats of animals.

3) Conservation of water bodies and marine resources: This can be accomplished by:

• Avoiding wastage, employ water cleverly and efficiently.
• Decrease water pollution by preventing the dumping of chemicals and sewage poisons into water ways.
• Preventing deforestation that tends to decrease in rainfall and vary the microclimate of a region.
• Decreasing unproductive irrigation methods and needless damming of rivers.
• Educating the people on significance of water and imposing laws and punishments on defaulters.

Benefits of conservation:

1) It lets us to live in a clean, healthy and civilized atmosphere.

2) It let us to employ our natural resources intelligently to rich and enhance quality of life.

3) It let us to value the aesthetics (that is, beauty) of our environment-beauty of lakes, mountains, waterfall and so on.

4) It let us to calm down and become tension free when we go on camping, bird watching, picnics and other outdoor leisure activities.

5) It lets and provides food and raw materials to industries, which is as well significant source revenue.

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