Introduction:
Monomeric units of nucleic acids (RNA & DNA) are nucleotides. Such nucleotides are of different kinds and structures. They are also of physiological importance in cells and tissues where they are found. On limited hydrolysis of nucleic acids, nucleotides can be attained. Structure of every protein, every biomolecule and cellular component is the product of information programmed in nucleotide sequences in form of genes.
Definition of nucleotides:
Nucleotides are phosphoric acid esters of nucleosides. They have nitrogenous bases and sugars that are esterified to the phosphoric acid residue. Esterification could be either at positions (2, 3 or 5) in ribose and (3 or 5) in deoxyribose where ester bonds could be formed. Additionally, nucleotides could be in form of mono, di and triphosphates.
Components of nucleotides:
Nucleotides have nitrogenous bases, sugars and phosphoric acids in ester linkage. Similar to nucleosides, nitrogenous base, present in nucleotides are purines: Adenine and Guanine; pyrimidines: Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil. Uracil can only be found in ribonucleotides whereas thymine base can only be found in deoxyribonucleotides. Sugar in nucleotides is pentose sugar that could be ribose and deoxyribose.
Nomenclature of nucleotides:
Nucleotides are strong acids and thus are known as guanylic acid, adenylic acid, thymidylic acid, cytidylic and undylic acids. All the nucleotides are monophosphate derivatives of their corresponding nucleotides and ribonucleotides. In all examples given, phosphate groups are on position 5 of the sugar. Though, product of enzymatic or alkaline hydrolysis of RNA yields 2', 3' or 3',5' monophosphates.
When phosphate is on position 2, nucleotide is named ribo nucleoside 2' monophosphate e.g. adenosine 2' monophosphate. When phosphate is on position 3, nucleoside is known as ribo nucleoside 3' the monophosphate. Ribonucleoside could be cyclic monophosphate where single phosphate is attached on carbon atoms or position 2'and 3' at same time like Adenosine 2'3' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). When more than one phosphate is bonded to the nucleoside e.g. 2 or 3, terms di and triphosphates are used respectively like Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Derivatives of nucleotides:
Nucleotide derivatives are compound which have their structures derived from some nucleotide structures. They have nucleotide components and thus nucleotide share close structural features. Different kinds of nucleotide derivatives do exists; examples comprise: Nicotinamide Adenine dinucleotide (NAD), Nicotinamide Adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD) among others.
Significance of nucleotides/nucleotide Derivatives:
Tutorsglobe: A way to secure high grade in your curriculum (Online Tutoring)
Expand your confidence, grow study skills and improve your grades.
Since 2009, Tutorsglobe has proactively helped millions of students to get better grades in school, college or university and score well in competitive tests with live, one-on-one online tutoring.
Using an advanced developed tutoring system providing little or no wait time, the students are connected on-demand with a tutor at www.tutorsglobe.com. Students work one-on-one, in real-time with a tutor, communicating and studying using a virtual whiteboard technology. Scientific and mathematical notation, symbols, geometric figures, graphing and freehand drawing can be rendered quickly and easily in the advanced whiteboard.
Free to know our price and packages for online biology tutoring. Chat with us or submit request at [email protected]
Theory and lecture notes of Determining Internal Node Values all along with the key concepts of Variational Principles, finite element solution, Application to the steady state heat equation. Tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on Determining Internal Node Values
Winding wire is solid wire, that to permit closer winding while making electromagnetic coils, is insulated just with varnish, than the thicker plastic or another insulation generally employed on electrical wire.
Derivatives of Monosaccharides tutorial all along with the key concepts of Types of Sugar derivatives, Sugar alcohols, Amino sugars, Uronic acids, N-acetylneuraminic acid, Reactions of Monosaccharides and Configuration of Glucose
tutorsglobe.com cerebrum assignment help-homework help by online the brain tutors
Theory and lecture notes of Construction and Mechanism of Operation all along with the key concepts of Physical Structure, Device Operation, Threshold Voltage and CMOS Structures. Tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on Construction and Mechanism of Operation.
tutorsglobe.com physiology of senescence assignment help-homework help by online senescence tutors
tutorsglobe.com wall pressure assignment help-homework help by online plasmolysis tutors
tutorsglobe.com symbolization of nuclear reaction assignment help-homework help by online nuclear reaction tutors
Bogged down with academic tasks? Avail top-rated Thermal Physics Assignment Help service to score well at low prices.
tutorsglobe.com reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule assignment help-homework help by online mechanism of urine formation tutors
tutorsglobe.com catabolism of lipids assignment help-homework help by online energy and enzymes tutors
tutorsglobe.com demand and supply assignment help-homework help by online intermediate microeconomics tutors
Nature of Operating Costing - The major purpose of operating costing is to calculate the cost of the services that are offered by the organization.
Energy Resources and Environmental Pollution tutorial all along with the key concepts of Air Pollution, Thermal Pollution, Fossil-Fuel Steam Plants, Nuclear Energy, Geothermal Energy, Hydroelectric Power Plant, Tidal Power Plants, Wind Power Plants, Solar Energy
Theory and lecture notes of Controlling Error and Conditional Statements all along with the key concepts of controlling error and conditional statements, Measuring error and the Residual. Tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on Controlling Error and Conditional Statements.
1950740
Questions Asked
3689
Tutors
1441973
Questions Answered
Start Excelling in your courses, Ask an Expert and get answers for your homework and assignments!!