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  Protein Translation

Translation:

Translation is a technique through which the base sequence of DNA transcribed to the mRNA is interpreted in a polypeptide chain’s amino acid sequence.

Translation includes the following steps:

A. Amino acid’ activation
B. Activated amino acids’ transfer to tRNA
C. Polypeptide chain’s Initiation
D. Polypeptide chain’s elongation
E. Polypeptide chain termination


Activation of amino acid:

The building blocks of proteins Amino acids are available in the cytoplasm. They are activated earlier than they are transported via tRNA. The amino acids are activated through ATP along with the assistance of the enzyme amino acyl synthetase. Amino acyl synthetase is particular in activating every amino acid.

The activated amino acid is known as amino acyl adenylate/amino acyl AMP. Pyrophosphate is released.

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Transfer of activated amino acid to tRNA

Similar enzyme which activates the amino acid catalyses the transfer of it to a molecule of transfer RNA at the 3' hydroxyl of the ribose, an ester along with a high potential for group transfer. In this reaction AMP and the enzyme amino acyl synthetase are get released.

 

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