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  Glycogen

Glycogen:

Glycogen is the main storage type of carbohydrate in animals and corresponds to starch in plants. It takes place chiefly in liver.

Glycogen biosynthesis:

The procedure of biosynthesis of glycogen from glucose is termed like a glycogenesis. This takes place in all the tissues of the body but the main sites are liver and muscles. A substantial amount is synthesised in kidney as well.

Glycogenesis is a very necessary process because the surplus of glucose is converted and stored up like glycogen that could be used at the time of need. In the nonexistence of this procedure the tissues are exposed to excess of glucose instantly after a meal and they are starved of it at other times. The following are the several reactions of glycogenesis.

Step 1:

Glucose is phosphorylated to glucose 6-phosphate, a reaction which is general to the first reaction in the pathway of glycolysis from glucose. This reaction is catalysed via hexokinase in muscle and glucokinase in liver in the existence of ATP.

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Step 2:

Glucose 6-phosphate is after that reversibly transformed to glucose 1-phosphate in a reaction catalysed via enzyme phosphogluco mutase. This procedure needs Mg2+ and a little amount of glucose 1, 6-diphosphate like coenzyme.

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 Step 3:

After that the glucose 1-phosphate is activated via the energy produced through the hydrolysis of uridine triphosphate (UTP) in the existence of uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophophosrylase. This is a main reaction in glycogen biosynthesis.

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Step 4:

UDP-glucose is the instant donor of glucose remains in the reaction catalyzed via glycogen synthase that promotes the transfer of the glucose remains from UDP-glucose to a non reducing end of a branched glycogen chain.

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Step 5:

While the chain has turn into long with more than 8 glucose units, a second enzyme, that are branching enzyme amylo 1-4 to 1-6 transglycosylase works on the glycogen and assists in joining of 1,4 glycogen chain along with a identical neighbouring chain to create α 1-6 linkage, so creating a branching point in the molecule. So glycogen formed might be stored in liver, muscles and tissues.

 

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