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  Gastro Intestinal Hormones

Gastro Intestinal Hormones:

There are three main gastro intestinal hormones secreted through the gut. They are
1. Gastrin,
2. Secretin and
3. Cholecystokinin.

Each of them is polypeptides synthesized through the mucosal endocrine cells of the stomach and small intestine.

Gastrin is generated by the mucosal cells of the pyloric area of the stomach and is the most effectual activator of gastric acid secretion. Two gastrins that are:

1. Gastrin I and
2. Gastrin II

They have been identified. Gastrin I comprises 17 amino acids and Gastrin II comprises 14 amino acids. Gastrin secretion increases along with vagal stimulation, age, acetyl choline and intake of foods rich in proteins and amino acids specifically glycine. The terminal 4 amino acids of gastrin are accountable for the hormonal action of it.

Secretin is a polypeptide along with 27 amino acids for which 14 amino acids are similar to that of glucagon. It is created in the duodenal mucosal cells. The secretion is stimulated through HCl and it raises the secretion of electrolytes and fluid components of pancreatic juice. It is one of the issues which increase the secretion of bile through the liver. It can work such as glucagon by increasing the cardiac output and lipolysis.

Pancreozymin and Cholecystokinin are two hormones which stimulate the secretion of pancreatic juice. Pancreozymin as well stimulates the pancreas to secrete glucagons and insulin.  Because of this action of pancreozymin, insulin secretion is higher while glucose is given orally as compared to the intravenously. Out of the 33 amino acids exists in the pancreozymin, the 8 C terminal amino acids are biologically active.

Cholecystokinin reasons contraction of the gall bladder and discharges the bile in the duodenum. Discharge of bile is as well stimulated through secretin and bile salts.

Other gut hormones:

Hepatocrinin stimulates the creation of bile that is low in bile salts. Motilin raises gastric motility. Enterogastrone and gastric inhibitory polypeptide slow up gastric motility and gastric acid secretion. Enterocrinin stimulates the secretion of enzymes through the intestinal mucosa. Chymodenin stimulates the secretion of chymotrypsin from pancreas.

 

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