Formation of thyroid hormone

Formation of thyroid hormone:

In the anterior portion of the neck the thyroid gland is a bilobed organ. Thyroid gland in usual adult weighs 20-25 grams. Thyroxine the hormone is secreted via this type of gland. Thyroxine is kept in the colloid of the thyroid follicles, a type of glycoprotein knwon as thyroglobulin.

Hydrolysis of thyoglobulin yields diiodotyrosine, triiodotyrosine, monoiodotyrosine, and thyroxine. Out of these, triiodothyroxine is referred to possess a biological potency greater as compared to thyroxine.

In thyroid gland Thyroxine is synthesised from tyrosine. 1st inorganic iodide is oxidised to organic iodide (2I→I2). Tyrosine is iodinated in the 3rd position to create 3-monoiodotyrosine. The subsequent iodination takes place in the fifth position to create 3,5-diiodotyrosine.

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The diiodotyrosine’s two molecules couple to create a mole of tetraiodotyrosine that is thyroxine. Alanine is released.

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Synthesis of thyroxine is accelerated via thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and inhibited through antithyroid drugs such as thiocarbamides and aminobenzenes. Thyroid comprises the capability of trapping inorganic iodine from circulation and storing it for use in the synthesis of thyroxine and its precursors. Relies on the requirement for thyroxine and its iodinated derivatives, a proteolytic enzyme hydrolyses thyroglobulin, with in the stimulating influence of TSH.

 

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