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  Fatty acids

Fatty acids:

The fatty acids are the essential units of lipid molecules. Fatty acids are derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbon chain which consists of a carboxylic acid group. More than 200 fatty acids have been isolated from several lipids. They are different from themselves in hydrocarbon chain length, number and position of double bonds also in the nature of substituents like oxy-, keto-, epoxy groups and cyclic structure. Relies upon the nonexistence, or existence of double bonds, they are categorized into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

Saturated fatty acids do not consist of double bonds. The hydrocarbon chain might consist 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Example- palmitic and stearic acids.

CH3 (CH2)14 COOH - Palmitic acid (C-16)
CH3 (CH2)16 COOH – Stearic acid (C-18)

Unsaturated fatty acids are categorized into dissimilar types depending upon the number of double bonds exists in the hydrocarbon chain. These fatty acids are mostly available in plant lipids.

                                                               Table: Unsaturated fatty acids

124_unsaturated fatty acids.jpg

Essential fatty acids:

Fatty acids needed in the diet are known as essential fatty acids (EFA). They are not synthesized through the body and are chiefly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).

Examples:

1 Linoleic acid
2 Linolenic acid
3 Arachidonic acid

Functions of essential fatty acids:

Essential fatty acids are needed for membrane structure and function, transport of cholesterol, creation of lipoproteins and prevention of fatty liver.

Deficiency of essential fatty acids:

The deficiency of essential fatty acid causes in phrynoderma/toad skin.

 

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