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  Digestion within duodenum and small intestine

Digestion within duodenum and small intestine:

The digestion of fats occurs mostly in the duodenum and small intestine due to the existence of powerful enzyme lipase within the pancreatic juice and emulsification of fats by the bile salts.

Pancreatic lipase is known as steapsin and it works on the triglycerides available in the diet. It comprises an optimum pH at the alkaline range.

The action of lipase on triglycerides takes place by the following steps.

  • Conversion of triglyceride to α, β diglyceride via removal of the terminal fatty acid.
  • Removal of α fatty acid to generate β monoglyceride.
  • β monoglycerides are not acted on by lipases, that is why they are isomerized to α monoglyceride.
  • Whole hydrolysis of α monoglyceride to free fatty acid and glycerol.


Another enzymes exists in pancreatic juice are phospholipases and cholesterol esterase.

There are four diverse phosopholipases which can cleave phospholipids to glycerol, phosphoric acid, free fatty acids, and the base. They are phospholipase A1 , phospholipase A2 , phospholipase C and phospholipase D. The site of actions of phospholipases is like this:

523_cholestrol estarase.jpg


The action of cholesterol esterase is, Cholesterol esterase

Cholesterol ester (cholesterol esterase)   → Cholesterol + fatty acid

 

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