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  Digestion

Digestion:

The transformation of food into a type which can be absorbed by the body is known as digestion. It explained how the body breaks down food and after that uses it for energy, cell repair and growth. It begins in the mouth, carries on in the stomach and small intestine and is ended in the large intestine. The liver and pancreas append enzymes and juices which aid in this procedure. Carbohydrates are split to glucose, proteins to amino acids, fats to glycerol and fatty acids.

 

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Whenever food enters the mouth, its digestion begins by the action of mastication, a kind of mechanical digestion, and the contact of saliva. Saliva that is secreted by the salivary glands contains salivary amylase, an enzyme that begins the digestion of starch in the food. After undergo mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the type of a small, round slurry mass termed as bolus. It will then move down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach begins protein digestion. Gastric juice primarily contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals might damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, giving a slimy layer which acts as a shield against the harmful effects of the chemicals. At similar time protein digestion is taking place, mechanical mixing takes place by peristalses, which are waves of muscular contractions which move all along the stomach wall. This permits the mass of food to further mix with digestive enzymes. After some time (usually an hour or two in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, somewhat shorter time period in house cats), the resultant thick liquid is termed as chyme. Whenever the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas, and then passes via the small intestine, in which digestion continues. Whenever the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients takes place in the small intestine. Water and minerals are re-absorbed back into the blood in the colon (i.e., large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic around 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, like biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) generated by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is removed from the rectum throughout defecation.

 

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