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  Complement System

Complement System:

Complement System is a group of proenzymes. They circulate in serum in inactive form. The complement system is the part of innate immune system plays a significant defense against microorganisms, particularly gram-negative bacteria. The complement system contains a set of over twenty serum proteins that are getting activated like this:

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                                             Diagram: Classical and Alternative of Complement System

The complement cascade contains two separate pathways which converge in a final common pathway. The pathways involve the classic pathway (C1qrs, C2, C4), the substitute pathway (C3, factor B, properdin) and that two pathways converge at the component C3. The terminal complement pathway contains all proteins activated after C3. The very much noticeable are C5-C9 group of proteins jointly termed as the membrane attack complex (MAC). The MAC applies powerful killing activity by forming perforations in cellular membranes. Activated C3b opsonizes bacteria and C5a function like a chemotactic agent.

Antigen presenting cells (APC):

B cell, dendritic cells (lymphnodes), Langerhans cells (from skin) and macrophages are termed as antigen presenting cells. All of the cells process the antigen and express the antigen above the surface of its cell membrane together with a molecule termed as Major Histo Compatibility Complex or abbreviated as MHC class II molecule.

 

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