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  Chemiosmotic theory

Chemiosmotic theory:

Peter Mitchell got the Nobel prize in the year 1978 for his theory of chemiosmosis. The chemiosmotic theory of Mitchell proves that oxidation of components in respiratory chain produces hydrogen ion and ejected beyond the inner membrane. The electrochemical potential variation resultant from the asymmetric distribution of the hydrogen ion is employed like the driving force (potential energy). This contain a chemical concentration gradient of protons beyond the membrane (pH gradient) as well gives a charge gradient. The inner mitochondrial membrane is resistant to the passage of protons that can flow back into the matrix of the mitochondrion just only by special channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In these channels, the enzyme ATP synthetase is exists. When the protons move down the energy gradient (proton motive force = chemiosmotic energy), the energy releases is employed through ATP synthetase to generate ATP.

The chemiosmotic model describes that this electrochemical potential variation across the membrane is employed to drive a membrane located ATP synthetase that couple the energy to ADP, to form ATP. Protons are pumped beyond the inner mitochondrial membrane through three electron transfer complexes, each related with specific steps in the electron transport system. When electrons are transferred together with the acceptors in the electron transport chain, enough energy is released at three points to convey protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane and finally to synthesize ATP.

 

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