Blood group testing

How blood group testing is done:

Primarily, a blood’s sample is mixed separately with anti-A antibodies, anti B antibody and Rh antibodies. If the red cells to clump along with anti-A antibodies, after that it point out the existence of A antigens in the blood cells and the person relates to A group. Likewise if agglutination reaction takes place with anti B antibodies after that it points out the existence of B antigen. While agglutination is found in both anti A and anti B antibodies it points out that the person belongs to AB group. If no agglutination found with both antibodies of A and B then it points out the nonexistence of antigens and the person belongs to O group.

Likewise if an anti Rh antibody depicts agglutination with the given blood then it points out the existence of Rh antigens on the blood cells. Therefore the person is Rh positive. If no agglutination seen then the person is Rh negative.

Blood groups and pregnancy:

The blood group test is a very must for women who are pregnant. If the mother is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive (inherited from Rh positive father), while the fetal blood enters in to mothers body because of some reason the mother become sensitized. The immune system of mother generate antibody against the Rh antigen. While these antibodies enter in to fetus, these might attack and destroy the blood cells of baby. While there is a reduction in the functional RBC (Red Blood Cell), the immature blast cells come to the fetal circulation. This condition is termed as ‘Erythro blastosis fetalis (since erythroid (red blood cells) blast cells are found in the fetus). Though, without treatment, this can become a severe problem in subsequent pregnancies as the immune system of mother will be ‘sensitized’ after the first pregnancy. The baby with this disorder will comprise anemia, jaundice and in several cases the mental retardation.

 

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