Biosynthesis of DNA

Biosynthesis of DNA:

The procedure through which the new double helical DNA synthesized from the existing DNA is known as "Replication". The method of biosynthesis of DNA has been mainly clarified via the discovery of the enzyme DNA polymerase or DNA Nucleotidyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the polymerization of mononucleotides to polynucleotides that requires the following for the action of it

1. A template strand dictates the synthesis of the new daughter strand and sequence of the template strand ascertains the addition of the nucleotides.

2. RNA primer for which following nucleotides can be added.

3.  Four nucleoside triphosphates that are, dGTP, dATP, dTTP and dCTP.

4. Magnesium ions like co-factor.

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The energy needed for this reaction is given via the hydrolysis of high energy bonds in the linear triphosphate units of the dATP, dCTP, dGTP & dTTP. When every monomer is incorporated into new chain, it loses the terminal pyrophosphate unit of it (PPi).

 

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