ABO system

ABO system:

Land Steiner observed two kinds of antigens on the RBC (Red Blood Cell) they are antigen A and antigen B, likewise there are two types of antibodies in the plasma termed as antibody alpha and beta antibody. Because this antigen antibody included in agglutination reactions the antigen is called as agglutinogen and the antibody is known as agglutinin. As per to Land Steiner’s law while an agglutinogen is present on the RBC (Red Blood Cell) the subsequent antibody will be not present in the plasma. Based upon the existence or nonexistence of antigens and antibodies human blood is categorized into four main groups that are:

1. A,
2. B,
3. AB and
4. O.

Blood group A:

If you are related to the blood group A, you have A antigens on the surface of your red blood cells (RBC) and beta antibodies in your blood plasma.

Blood group B:

If you are related to the blood group B, you have B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells (RBC) and alpha antibodies in your blood plasma.

Blood group AB:

If you are related the blood group AB, you have both A and B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells (RBC) and both alpha and beta antibodies are not present in your blood plasma.

Blood group O:

If you are related the blood group O (null), you do not comprise the A and B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells (RBC) but you have both alpha and beta antibodies in your blood plasma.

Rhesus types:

It is as well like the blood group antigen and also exists in the cell membrane. Because this antigen was found in Rhesus monkey first they called this antigen like Rhesus antigen or Rh system. Several people are ‘rhesus positive’ as they have rhesus antigens on their red blood cells (RBC). But, approximately 3 in 20 people do not have rhesus antigen and are termed to be ‘rhesus negative’.

 

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