Who firstly discovered mathematical theory for random walks
Who firstly discovered mathematical theory for random walks, that rediscovered later by Einstein?
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A mathematical theory is developed by Louis Bachelier, for random walks. This theory rediscovered later by Einstein also.
How can we say that the pair (G, o) is a group. Explain the properties which proof it.
The basic Fermat algorithm is as follows: Assume that n is an odd positive integer. Set c = [√n] (`ceiling of √n '). Then we consider in turn the numbers c2 - n; (c+1)2 - n; (c+2)2 - n..... until a perfect square is found. If th
The focus is on the use of Datalog for defining properties and queries on graphs. (a) Assume that P is some property of graphs definable in the Datalog. Show that P is preserved beneath extensions and homomo
Where would we be without stochastic or Ito^ calculus?
It's a problem set, they are attached. it's related to Sider's book which is "Logic to philosophy" I attached the book too. I need it on feb22 but feb23 still work
Who independently developed a model for simply pricing risky assets?
Non-Logical Vocabulary: 1. Predicates, called also relation symbols, each with its associated arity. For our needs, we may assume that the number of predicates is finite. But this is not essential. We can have an infinite list of predicates, P
What is an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE)?
The ABC Company, a merchandising firm, has budgeted its action for December according to the following information: • Sales at $560,000, all for cash. • The invoice cost for goods purc
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