What is Gaia hypothesis
Gaia hypothesis (J. Lovelock, 1969): The thought that the Earth as an entire must be regarded as a living organism and that biological procedures stabilize the atmosphere.
Mediocrity principle: The principle that there is nothing predominantly interesting about our position in space or time, or regarding ourselves. This principle most likely first made its real manifestation in the scientific community whenever Shapley
Transition temperature: The temperature (that is, dependant on the substance comprised) below that a superconducting material conducts electricity with zero resistance; therefore, the temperature above which a superconductor lose its superconductive p
Bell's inequality (J.S. Bell; 1964) - The quantum mechanical theorem that explains that if the quantum mechanics were to rely on the hidden variables, it should have non-local properties.
Carnot's theorem (S. Carnot): The theorem that states that no engine operating between the two temperatures can be more proficient than a reversible engine.
What is main difference between secondary electron image and the back scattered electron image? State briefly.
Pascal: Pa The derived SI unit of pressure stated as 1 N acting over a region of 1 m2; it therefore has units of N/m2
Boltzmann constant: k (L. Boltzmann) - The constant that explains the relationship between kinetic energy and temperature for molecules in an ideal gas. This is equivalent to the 1.380 622 x 10-23 J/K.
Fermat's principle: principle of least time (P. de Fermat): The principle, put onward by P. de Fermat that explains the path taken by a ray of light among any two points in a system is for all time the path which takes the least time.
Beauty criterion (Dirac) - The idea that more aesthetically pleasing a theory is the superior it is. In nature this criterion does not stand up to the actual test -- whether or not forecasts of a given theory agree with observational tests -- however
As shown in the figure below, a source at S is sending out a spherical wave: E1=(A×D/r) cos(wt-2πr/λ); where r is the distance to source
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