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What is Anemia

Explain anemia? List four main types of anemia?

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Anemia refers to low concentration of hemoglobin within the blood. Four main types of anemia are:

a) Nutrient-deficiency anemia,
b) Anemia caused by blood loss,
c) Hemolytic anemia and
d) Aplastic anemia.

Nutrient-deficiency anemia is caused due to dietary deficiency of the fundamental nutrients which is essential for the generation or functioning of the red blood cells, such as iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid. Anemia is caused due to blood loss happens in the hemorrhagic conditions or in diseases such as hookworm disease and peptic ulcerations. Hemolytic anemia is caused due to excessive destruction of the red blood cells, like, in diseases such as malaria or in hypervolemic conditions in which extreme water in blood which causes lysis of the red blood cells. Aplastic anemia happens due to deficiencies of hematopoiesis and it occurs whenever bone marrow gets injured by cancers from another tissues such as metastasis, by autoimmune diseases and by intoxication from drugs like anticonvulsants and sulfas or due to chemical substances like insecticides, benzene, paints, herbicides and solvents in particular. Some of the genetic diseases also affect bone marrow resulting in aplastic anemia.

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