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What are aliphatic amines and its nomenclature?

In common system, the aliphatic amines are named by using prefix for alkyl group followed by the word amine.

In case of mixed amines, the name of alkyl groups are arranged in alphabetical order. This is followed by the word amine. However, for simple secondary or tertiary amines another prefix di or tri is added before the name of the alkyl group.

There is yet another system of naming amines according to which they are called aminoalkanes. In this system, the secondary or tertiary amines are named as N-alkylaminoalkanes. In this case, the smaller alkyl groups are taken as subsequent on nitrogen atom of primary amine. For example,

1264_aliphatic amines.png  

In IUPAC system, the amines are considered to be amino derivatives of corresponding alkanes. Therefore, they are called alkanamines. These names are obtained by replacing e from the name of the parent alkane with suffix amine. The secondary and tertiary amines are, however, named as N-substituted derivatives of largest group of primary amines, i.e. N-Alkylalkanamines. The common and IUPAC names of some simple amines are given below in tabular form.

Amine Common Name IUPAC Name
1° Amines    
CH3NH3 Methyl amine Methanamine
CH3CH2NH2 Ethyl amine Ethanamine
CH3CH2CH2NH2 n-Propyl amine Propan-1-amine
(CH3)2CHNH2 Iso-Propyl amine Propan-2-amine
2° Amines    
CH3 - NH - CH3 Dimethyl amine N-Methyl-methanamine
CH3 - NH - C2H5 Ethyl methyl amine N-Methyl-ethanamine
3° Amines    
1097_aliphatic amines1.png Tri-methyl amine N, N-Dimethyl-methanamine
1944_aliphatic amines2.png Ethyl methyl amine N-Ethyl-N-methyl-propanamine
    
For compounds containing more than one amino group, a prefix di, tri, etc. is added before the suffix amine and the terminal e of the name of the hydrocarbon part is retained.

1616_aliphatic amines3.png  

 

 

 

 

 

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