Can someone help me in finding out the right answer from the given options. Hourly salaries as reflected in take-home pay are probable to be less than the values of worker’s marginal product (or VMP) in part since of: (1) Monopsonistic exploitation which causes MRC (as well termed as MFC) to surpass the wage rate. (2) Wage discrimination. (3) Monopolistic exploitation which causes VWP > MRP. (4) Social Security and other payroll taxes. (5) All the above.