Transcription and the replication processes

Question

What are the similarities and differences among the transcription and the replication processes?

Answer 1

A DNA polynucleotide chain serves as a template in the replication (that is, DNA duplication) and also in transcription (that is, RNA formation). In both processes the pairing of two polynucleotide chains of the original DNA molecule is broken up by the breaking of hydrogen bonds for the chains to be bare as templates.

The reaction is catalyzed by particular enzymes in transcription and in replication. In replication the enzyme

DNA polymerase catalyzes the making of a new polynucleotide chain employing free nucleotides in solution and putting them in the latest chain according to the DNA template exposed and to the rule A-T, C-G. In transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase forms a new polynucleotide chain according to the DNA template exposed following, though, the rule A-U, C-G.

In replication the initial template DNA chain is kept bound by the hydrogen bonds to the newly made DNA chain and a latest DNA molecule is then formed. In transcription the association among the template DNA chain and the newly made RNA is undone and RNA comprised of only one polynucleotide chain is discharged.