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Rings present on cross section of stem

How can the age of the tree be estimated from analysis of rings present on the cross section of stem?

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For growth of tree it is essential to have formation of the new vessels in the stem, a task performed by vascular cambium. The vascular cambium is more active in hot seasons (spring and summer) generating a lighter band made of large calibered vessels. Throughout winter and fall vascular cambium produces the opposite, so small calibered vessels and darker band appear outside preceding lighter band. Thus two ring bands are made annually, one lighter and the other darker. By a direct count of these band pairs one can estimate age of tree.

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