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Reduced effectiveness by pressure

The increased pace of globalization and the steady development of worldwide demands for petroleum-based products from 2002 have tended to decrease the: (w) derived demand for petroleum. (x) prices of gasoline and electricity. (y) pressures which had reduced OPEC's effectiveness as a cartel during 1980-2000. (z) incentives for oil exploration and refineries.

Hello guys I want your advice. Please recommend some views for above Economics problems.

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