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Low marginal tax with basic income

In a negative income tax system, where a combining fundamental income floor with low marginal tax rates gives in: (w) reduced incentives for “voluntary poverty.” (x) higher minimal standards of living for the poor. (y) an NIT program more costly than the current “welfare mess.” (z) a growing proportion of the population on welfare.

Can anybody suggest me the proper explanation for given problem regarding Economics generally?

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