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Hypermetropia and myopia

Optically explain, the visual deficiencies known as hypermetropia and myopia?

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Myopia refers to the visual condition where the images are formed before the retina. Hypermetropia refers to the visual condition where the point of image formation is beyond the retina. Myopia is caused with an increase in the distance between retina and crystalline lens, majorly, caused due to slight flattening of eyeball. In hypermetropia, the retina appears to be too close to the crystalline lens because of slight shortening of eyeball. In myopia, the near and far point of  the vision come closer (the refractivity of crystalline lens which corresponds to maximum distension capacity of ciliary muscles is not sufficient in order to provide the visual accommodation). In hypermetropia, the ciliary muscles are not able to contract more in order to compensate the inadequate position of the retina, that is, near point becomes more distant.

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