Formal Logic
It's a problem set, they are attached. it's related to Sider's book which is "Logic to philosophy" I attached the book too. I need it on feb22 but feb23 still work
Who firstly discovered mathematical theory for random walks, that rediscovered later by Einstein?
What is an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE)?
Where would we be without stochastic or Ito^ calculus?
Terms: Terms are defined inductively by the following clauses. (i) Every individual variable and every individual constant is a term. (Such a term is called atom
Factorisation by trial division: The essential idea of factorisation by trial division is straightforward. Let n be a positive integer. We know that n is either prime or has a prime divisor less than or equal to √n. Therefore, if we divide n in
Group: Let G be a set. When we say that o is a binary operation on G, we mean that o is a function from GxG into G. Informally, o takes pairs of elements of G as input and produces single elements of G as output. Examples are the operations + and x of
Anny, Betti and Karol went to their local produce store to bpought some fruit. Anny bought 1 pound of apples and 2 pounds of bananas and paid $2.11. Betti bought 2 pounds of apples and 1 pound of grapes and paid $4.06. Karol bought 1 pound of bananas and 2
Suppose that p and q are different primes and n = pq. (i) Express p + q in terms of Ø(n) and n. (ii) Express p - q in terms of p + q and n. (iii) Expl
what is uniform scaling in computer graphic
let a, b, c, d be integers. Prove the following statements: (a) if a|b and b|c. (b) if a|b and ac|bd. (c) if d|a and d|b then d|(xa+yb) for any x, y EZ
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