Explain the cause of Brownian motion
Briefly define or explain the cause of Brownian motion?
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Molecules in the gas move constantly, freely, arbitrarily, in all the directions and at high speeds. They are capable to do so as the intermolecular force of attraction among the molecules is negligible whenever in a gaseous state. This constant motion of molecules causes them to collide with everything in their path. For illustration, the dust particles will be bombarded through the molecules moving at high speeds, causing them to encompass a zigzag motion.
Brownian motion as well occurs in molecules in a liquid, however to a less obvious extent than in the gas.
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Avogadro's hypothesis (Count A. Avogadro; 1811): Equivalent volumes of all gases at similar temperature and pressure contain equivalent numbers of molecules. This is, in fact, true only for the ideal gases. <
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Zeeman Effect: Zeeman line splitting (P. Zeeman; 1896): Zeeman Effect is the splitting of lines in a spectrum whenever the source is exposed to the magnetic field.
Describe the term ntu in thermodynamics? Illustrate in short.
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Planck equation: The quantum mechanical equation associating to the energy of a photon E to its frequency nu: E = h nu.
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