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Efficiency Wages problem

The employees at times pose principal-agent problems for the firm’s owners in the deficiency of constant monitoring. Such problems are most probable to be lessened when a firm adopts the policy of: (1) dynamically opposing the attempts to unionize. (2) Paying employee’s salaries which surpass the pay in the worker’s next finest alternative jobs. (3) Implementing the voluntary moral hazard codes. (4) Top-down participatory management. (5) Encouraging the adverse selection.

Choose the right answer from the above options.

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