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Diminishing marginal utility and substitution effect

The three reasons for downward slope of a demand curve are: (1) Diminishing marginal utility, income effect and the substitution effect. (2) Scarcity, tastes & preferences, and purchasing power. (3) Opportunity costs, rational decision making and number of buyers. (4) Diminishing productivity, law of supply and insatiability.

Choose the right answer from the above options.

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