Define Josephson effects
Josephson effects (B.D. Josephson; 1962): Electrical effects examined whenever two superconducting materials are separated by a thin layer of the insulating substance.
Negative feedback principle: It is the idea that in a system where there are self-propagating situations, those new situations tend to act against formerly existing situations. Such a principle is in actuality a restatement of the conservation law.
Ergosphere: The area around a rotating black hole, among the event horizon and the static limit, where the rotational energy can be removed from the black hole.
Watt: W (after J. Watt, 1736-1819): The derived SI unit of power, stated as a power of 1 J acting over the period of 1 s; it therefore has the units of J/s.
Chronology protection conjecture (S.W. Hawking): The notion that the formation of any closed time like curve will (automatically) involuntarily be destroyed by the quantum fluctuations as soon as it is made. In another words, the quan
Tachyon: The purely speculative particle that is supposed to travel faster than light. According to Sir Einstein's equations of special relativity, a particle with imaginary rest mass and a velocity more than c would contain a real momentum and energy
Cosmic censorship conjecture (R. Penrose, 1979): The conjecture, so far wholly undemonstrated in the context of general relativity, that all singularities (that is with the possible exception of the big bang singularity) are attended
Brownian motion - The continuous random motion of a solid microscopic particle whenever suspended in a fluid medium due to the effect of ongoing bombardment by molecules and atoms.
Magnetic monopole: The hypothetical particle that comprises sources and sinks of the magnetic field. The magnetic monopoles have never been found, however would only cause pretty minor modifications to the Maxwell's equations. They also appear to be p
Parsec: The unit of distance stated as the distance pointed by an Earth-orbit parallax of 1 arcsec. It equals around 206 264 au, or about 3.086 x 1016 m
Davisson-Germer experiment (C.J. Davisson, L.H. Germer; 1927): The experiment which conclusively proved the wave nature of electrons; diffraction patterns were examined by an electron beam penetrating into the nickel target.
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