Define Carnots theorem
Carnot's theorem (S. Carnot): The theorem that states that no engine operating between the two temperatures can be more proficient than a reversible engine.
Stern-Gerlach experiment (O. Stern, W. Gerlach; 1922): The experiment which explains the features of spin (that is intrinsic angular momentum) as a different entity apart from the orbital angular momentum.
Loschmidt constant: Loschmidt number: NL: The total number of particles per unit volume of an ideal gas at standard pressure and temperature. It has the value of 2.687 19 x 1025 m-3.
Ehrenfest paradox (Ehernfest, 1909): The special relativistic "paradox" including a fast rotating disc. As any radial segment of the disc is perpendicular to the direction of motion, there must be no length contraction of the radius;
Hooke's law (R. Hooke): The stress exerted to any solid is proportional to the strain it generates within the elastic limit for that solid. The constant of that proportionality is the Young modulus of elasticity for that material.
Siemens: S (after E.W. von Siemens, 1816-1892): The derived SI unit of an electrical conductance equivalent to the conductance of an element which has a resistance of 1 O [ohm]; this has units of O-1.
What do you mean by the term nucleus? Describe in brief.
Bragg's law - Whenever a beam of x-rays strikes a crystal surface in which the layers of ions or atoms are often separated, the maximum intensity of the reflected ray takes place when the complement of the angle of incidence, theta (θ), the wave
Lyman series: The sequence that explains the emission spectrum of hydrogen whenever electrons are jumping to the ground state. Each and every line is in the ultraviolet.
Cosmological redshift: The effect where light emanates from a distant source appears redshifted since of the expansion of the space time itself.
Explain Conservation laws and illustrations of conservation laws (Conservation of mass-energy, electric charge, linear momentum and angular momentum) ? Conservation laws: The law which states that,
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