characteristics of electronics
what is the characteristics of electronics ?
Null experiment: The experiment which, after being performed, yields no outcome. The null experiments are just as significant as non-null experiments; when current theory predicts an observable result (or predicts there must be no observable result),
Josephson effects (B.D. Josephson; 1962): Electrical effects examined whenever two superconducting materials are separated by a thin layer of the insulating substance.
Fermat's principle: principle of least time (P. de Fermat): The principle, put onward by P. de Fermat that explains the path taken by a ray of light among any two points in a system is for all time the path which takes the least time.
Stefan-Boltzmann law (Stefan, L. Boltzmann): The radiated power P (that is the rate of emission of electromagnetic energy) of a hot body is proportional to the radiating surface area, A, and the 4th power of the thermodynamic temperature, T. The const
Gauss' law for magnetic fields (K.F. Gauss): The magnetic flux via a closed surface is zero (0); no magnetic charges present; in its differential form, div B = 0
Heat pumps move heat from one place to another. They work similar to refrigeration. The movement of heat takes energy, either electrical energy as in the use of vapor compression heat pumps or thermal energy as in the use of absorption heat pump
Centrifugal pseudo force: A pseudo force which takes place whenever one is moving in uniform circular motion. One feels a "force" directed outward from the center of the motion.
Answers and explanation to all the questions.
Stern-Gerlach experiment (O. Stern, W. Gerlach; 1922): The experiment which explains the features of spin (that is intrinsic angular momentum) as a different entity apart from the orbital angular momentum.
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