--%>

Abstract list domain

The abstract list domain is as shown: {empty, some, [d1], [d2],[ d1, d2], [d2, d1], all}.

A) empty represents empty lists.

B) some represents lists with only other values.

C) [d1] represents lists that contain d1 mixed with zero or more other values.

D) [d2] represents lists that contain d2 mixed with zero or more other values.

E) [d1, d2] represents lists that contain d1 and d2 in this order, plus zero or more other values.

F) [d2, d1] represents lists that contain d2 and d1 in this order, plus zero or more other values.

G) all represents lists that contain multiple d1 and d2 elements.

Using this abstraction, you can check ordering properties—for example, that if d1 and d2are inserted in this order in a list, and then they are removed, they are removed in the same order. Similar abstractions have been used for checking ordering properties of protocols and memories.

   Related Questions in Programming Languages

  • Q : Problem on COBOL source code errors

    There are many errors in the following COBOL source code. Identify the errors and rewrite the program so that it contains no errors:IDENTIFICATION DIVISION   (Full stop required)PROGRAM ID. ERRORS-EXAMPLE.DATA DIVISION    (Fu

  • Q : Inventory management system in UML

    Mini-Case The Hatcher Company is in the process of developing a new inventory management system.  One of the event handling processes in that system is Receive Supplier Shipments.  The (inexperie

  • Q : Explain Cohesion Cohesion : The level

    Cohesion: The level to which a component executes a single well-stated task. A strongly cohesive technique, for example, will execute a single task, like adding an item to a data structure, or sorting several data, while a weakly cohesive technique wi

  • Q : Define Package Package : The named

    Package: The named grouping of classes and interfaces which gives a package namespace. Classes, interfaces and class members devoid of an explicit public, protected or private access modifier {access!modifier} encompass package visibility. The public

  • Q : Explain Magic number Magic number : It

    Magic number: It is a constant value with significance within a specific context. For example, the value 12 could mean numerous different things - the number of hrs you have worked today, the number of dollars you are payable by a friend, and so forth

  • Q : What is Client Client : It is a user of

    Client: It is a user of a service. The Web client requests resources from Web server, for example: Whenever the client is an object then this is the sender of messages to its object servers.

  • Q : Define Hardware Hardware : It is the

    Hardware: It is the physical devices of a computer system, like its micro-chips, keyboard, disk drives, printer, sound card, and so forth. It is termed `hardware' in contrary to programs, which are termed `software'.

  • Q : Calculate the summation of 1 to some

    Write two programs to calculate the summation of 1 to some integer n using a function called int summation(int n) a) Using a non recursive solution, with a for(i=1, i<=n; i++) loop and b) using a recursive solution, based on the following conditions summation(n) = summation(n-1

  • Q : Explain Upcast Upcast: It is a cast

    Upcast: It is a cast towards an object's ultimate super type - which is, `up' the inheritance hierarchy towards the Object class, for example:         // Upcast from VariableContr

  • Q : Problem on Vectors Create a vector

    Create a vector representing x coordinates of a measurement with 20 points between 0 and 10. Create another vector y representing fake measurements which are related to the above x values as y = 2.3 x – 1.2. Next add random (normal, Gaussian) noise to the vector